资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
总书记贺信鼓舞人心 新闻传播学界期待七秩中新再出发****** 中新网北京9月28日电 “总书记在贺信中肯定70年来中新社坚持爱国主义报道方针,坚持为侨服务,为讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音发挥了积极作用。作为一名老归侨,我深有感触。我的微信群中有一个以海外亲戚为主的亲友群,他们经常会谈到中国的话题,其获取的信息源头离不开中新社的传播平台和传播渠道。”暨南大学新闻与传播学院名誉院长范以锦说。 中国新闻传播学界专家们表示,习近平总书记致中国新闻社建社70周年的贺信既是赋予中新社新时代新使命,也为新形势下中国媒体更好地开展国际传播指明方向。 中国社会科学院新闻与传播研究所所长胡正荣说,贺信对中新社来说是一个新起点,对中国国际传播创新改革也有重要意义。总书记在贺信中指明了创新话语体系、加快融合发展、提高国际传播能力等发展方向。他认为,中新社的话语体系本身就有特色,在国际传播的探索实践中逐渐形成了“官话民说、中话西说、长话短说、空话不说”的中新风格,成为中新社的一张名片。在融媒体时代,强调柔和性与亲和力的“中新体”也面临转型升级,既要面向互联网做好话语方式转换,又要因应新时代国际传播形势变化、海外新生代用户特征变化转换话语方式。 “70年来,中新社在面向海外华侨华人讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音方面作出了自己的独特贡献。”长期从事海外华文媒体研究的北京大学国家战略传播研究院院长程曼丽表示,目前中国面临着全新的国际关系格局和国际舆论环境,在推动中外文明交流、民心相通方面,在展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象方面,中新社被赋予新的期许,这也是中国对外传播事业在新形势下所应担负的新使命。 清华大学新闻与传播学院院长周庆安表示,有三个关键词,是中新社做好国际传播传统业务,也是未来发力的焦点。一是情感,做好基于情感的内容和基于情感的传播体系构建,在中新社的发展过程中,这是一个非常重要的立足点,也是有效提升报道亲和力的原点;二是文明,讲好中国故事的一个重要方面是讲好中华文明、中华文化的故事,唤起受众心中的中华文明共识,进而增强海内外中华儿女的身份认同和价值认同;三是未来,面向Z世代以更灵活的传播机制、更丰富的传播样态,做立足未来的国际传播文章。 中国人民大学新闻学院执行院长周勇对贺信中提及的“推动中外文明交流、民心相通”印象深刻。中新社近年来开设了大型学理性栏目“东西问”,推动东西方文明互鉴。周勇认为,面向新时代国家社会发展的重大需求、面向新技术的革命性挑战、面向全球化的深刻变局,中国的国际传播要锚定“以中国为根本,以世界为面向”这一基点,从信息型传播进而到中国思想、中国主张和中国智慧的思想型传播,从而达到深层次、直抵精神层面的文化交往与文明交流。 增强报道亲和力和实效性,是总书记对中新社提出的明确要求。北京师范大学新闻传播学院院长张洪忠表示,这就要求在不同国家使用适应当地的话语表达方式开展传播,充分利用不同媒介渠道进行传播。在移动互联时代,还要关注海外大型社交媒体之外的垂直类新媒体,广泛深入不同国家、不同层次的民众。 “‘东西问’这样的品牌可以打造两三个,扩大影响力。”中国传媒大学出版社社长张毓强教授表示,贺信是对中新社的鼓舞和鞭策。中新社应以此为契机,聚焦自身优势和特色,无论是报道业务还是产业发展,无论是海外渠道拓展还是国内扩大影响,都要做大做强。中新社的天然优势是联系华侨华人,要深入了解Z世代华侨华人的变化,进而对信息传播方式、内容生产做出相应改变,加快改革创新,让新闻产品精准到达目标受众。 总书记在贺信中还要求中新社积极联系海外华文媒体,为展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象,促进海内外中华儿女大团结作出新的更大贡献。曾长期从事新闻采编和管理工作的范以锦期待中新社继续巩固发展好自建平台,并借助商业平台等各类传播渠道,进一步拓宽连接用户的覆盖面,增进海外侨胞和港澳同胞、台湾同胞的爱国爱乡之情,增强凝聚力、向心力,共同为中华民族伟大复兴献计出力。(完) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |